Origin, Insertion, Innervation and Action of commonly asked muscles of our body.
Abductor magnus
[Hamstring part] |
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: adductor tubercle of femur Innervation: tibial part of sciataic nerve (L4) Action: extends thigh |
Abductor
magnus[Adductor part] |
Origin: Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus
of ischium Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea alba, medial
supracondylar line Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4) Action: Flexes thigh |
Biceps brachii |
Origin: Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula. Longhead: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Tuberosity of radius and fadcia of forearm via
bicipital aponeurosis. Innervation: Musculocutaneous(C5,C6) |
Brachialis |
Origin: Distal half ant surface of humerous. Insertion: Coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 , C6) Action: Flexes forearm in all positions. |
Brachioradialis |
Origin: Proximal 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of humerous. Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius. Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7) Action: Flexes forearm |
Deltoid |
Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromian and spine of
scapula. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6). Action: Anterior part: Flexes & medially rotates arm. Middle part: abducts arm Posterior part: extends & laterally rotates arm. |
Digastric |
Origin: Anterior belly: Digastric fossa of mandible Posterior belly: Mastoid notch of temporal bone Insertion: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of
hyoid bone. Action: Depresses mandible, raises hyoid bone &
steadies it during swallowing and speaking |
External oblique |
Origin: External surface of 5th-12th ribs Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, ant half of iliac
crest Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerve Action: Flexes & rotates trunk and support abdominal
viscera. |
Flexor carpa
radialis |
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerous Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal Innervation: Median nerve Action: Flexion and abduction at wrist joint |
Flexor carpa
ulnaris |
Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerous,
coronoid process of ulna Radial head: Olecranan process & posterior border of
unla Insertion: Pisiform, back of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal Innervation: Ulnar nerve Action: Flexion and adduction at wrist joint |
Flexor digitorum
profundus |
Origin: Upper 3/4th of ant & medial surface of unla Upper
3/4th of post border of ulna Olecranan
and coronoid process of ulna Adjoining
interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of medial 4 digits Innervation: Medial half: ulnar nerve; Lateral half: ant
interosseous neve (C8, T1) Action: Flexion of distal phalanx, assist flexion of other
interphalangeal joints & wrist joint. |
Flexor dorsum
superficialis |
Origin: Homeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerous,
coronoid process of ulna Radial head: Anterior oblique line of radius Insertion: Sides of middle phalanx of 2nd to 5th digits Innervation: Median nerve Action: Flexion of middle phalanx, assist in flexing
proximal phalanx and wrist joint |
Flexor pollicis
longus |
Origin: Upper 3/4th of ant surface of radius. Lower 1/4th of the ant surface of ulna Adjoining interosseous membrane Insertion: Lower ¼ of ant surface of radius. Innervation: Ant interosseous membrane Action: Position of forearm. |
Gastrocnemius |
Origin: Lateral
head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur, superior to
medial condyle Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1, 2) Action: Planter flexes ankle when knee is extended and
flexes leg at knee join |
Gluteus maxiums |
Origin: Ilium, posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal
surface of sacrum & coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract that
inserts into lateral condyle of Tibia. Some fibers insert into gluteal
tuberosity of femur. Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve.(L5, S1 & S2) Action: Extends thigh ( esp from flexed position) and
assist in its lateral rotation. |
Gluteus medius |
Origin: Ext surface of ilium between ant and post gluteal
line. Insertion: Lateral Surface of greater trochanter of femur. Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5 & S1) Action: Abducts & medially rotates thigh, keeps pelvis
level when opposite tag is raised. |
Latissimus dorsi |
Origin: spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae,
thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs. Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of humerous Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8) Action: Extends, abducts and medially rotates humerous.
Raises body towards arm during climbing. |
Palmaris longus |
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerous Insertion: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Innervation: Median nerve Action: Flexion at wrist joint |
Pectoralis major |
Origin: Clavicular head: Ant surface of medial half of
clavicle. Sternocostal
head: ant surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages and aponeurosis
of external oblique muscles Insertion: Lat lip of inter tubercular groove of humerous Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves: Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerous. Clavicular
head: flexes humerous. Sternocostal head: extends humerous from flexed
position |
Popliteus |
Origin: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Post surface of tibia, superior to soleal line Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, 5 & S1) Action: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it. |
Pronator teres |
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerous & coronoid
process of ulna. Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius Innervation: Medial (C6, C7) nerve Action: Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow) |
Psoas major |
Origin: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs in betn them;
transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae. Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Innervation: Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2 &
L3) Action: Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint &
stabilizing this joint. |
Quadratus Lumborus |
Origin: Transverse process of L5; iliolumbar ligament;
inner lip of the iliac crest Insertion: Transverse process of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae;
medial half of lower border of last (12th) rib. Innervation: Ventral rami of spinal nerves (T12 – T14) Action: Fixes last rib during inspiration; extend lumbar
vertebral column. |
Rectus abdominalis |
Origin: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest Insertion: Xiphoid process & 5-7th costal cartilage Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerve Action: Flexes trunk and compresses abdominal viscera. |
Rectus femoris |
Origin: Ant inf iliac spine & ilium sup to acetabulum Insertion: base of patella by patellar ligament to tibial
tuberosity. Innervation: Femoral (L2, 3, 4) Action: Extend leg at knee joint steadies’ hip joint &
helps ilipsoas to flex thigh |
Sartorious |
Origin: Ant sup iliac spine & sup part of notch inf to
it Insertion: Sup part of medial surface of tibia Innervation: Femoral (L2,3) Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip
joint flexes leg at knee joint. |
Serratus Anterior |
Origin: 8 digitations from upper 8 ribs; fascia covering
intervening intercostal muscles Insertion: Costal surface of scapula along its medial
border. Innervation: Long
thoracic (C5, C6, C7) Action: Pushing and punching movement; holds and rotates
the scapula. |
Soleus |
Origin: Post aspect of head of fibula, sup fourth of post
surface of fibula, and medial border of tibia. This forms soleal arch. Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1, 2) Action: Planterflexes ankle independent of position of
knee |
Sternocledomastoid |
Origin: Sternal head: ant surface of manubrium sternum. Clavicular
head: Sup surface of the medical third of clavicle. Insertion: Lat surface of mastoid process of temporal bone
& lateral half of sup nuchal line. Innervation: Spinal root of accessory nerve(motor) and
C2,C3 nerves for pain and proprioception. Action: The head to one side i.e. laterally ; flexes neck
& rotates it so face is turned sup towards opposite side acting together,
the two muscle flex neck so chin is thrust forward. |
Temporalis |
Origin: Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of
temporal fascia. Insertion: Tip and medial surface of coronoid process
& ant border of ramus of mandible. Innervation: Deep temporal branch of mandibular nerve. Action: Elevates mandible closing jaws, its posterior
fibers retrude mandible after protrusion. |
Tensor of fascia
lata |
Origin: Ant sup iliac spine and ant part of iliac crest Insertion: iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral
condyle of tibia Action: Abducts, medially rotates, flexes thigh helps to
keep knee extended ; steadies trunk on thigh |
Tibialis posterior |
Origin: Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia
inf to soleal line & posterior surface of fibula Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform and cuboid
and base of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, 5) Action: Planter flexes ankle and inverts foot |
Triceps brachii |
Origin: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head: ridge above radial groove in posterior
surface of humerous. Medial head: area below the radial groove in posterior
surface of humerous Insertion: Proximal end of olecranon process of Ulna and
fascia of forearm Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8) Action: Chief extensor of elbow joint. |
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